Analyze Tornado Data with Python and GeoPandas | by Lee Vaughan | Jan, 2025


QUICK SUCCESS DATA SCIENCE

Insights from NOAA’s public domain database

Towards Data Science
A map of the contiguous United States showing tornado touchdown locations as red dots. State and county boundaries are outlined in blue and light gray, providing geographic context. The red dots are scattered unevenly, with higher concentrations in areas known as Tornado Alley, including parts of Texas, Oklahoma, Kansas, and Nebraska.
Reported tornadoes with an assigned EF magnitude from 1950–2023 (by the author)

If you’re interested in studying tornadoes, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) has a wonderful public-domain database to make your day. Extending back to 1950, it covers tornado starting and ending locations, magnitudes, injuries, fatalities, financial costs, and more.

The data is accessible through NOAA’s Storm Prediction Center. In addition to the raw data, this site supplies many charts and maps that slice and dice the data in multiple ways. One of my favorite maps is the 20-year average of severe weather watches. It makes it look like Oklahoma’s borders are mostly based on bad weather!

A colorful map of the contiguous United States shows counties colored by annual severe weather watches. The largest number of watches is colored yellow; the minimum number is white to light blue. State and county boundaries are outlined in black and light gray, providing geographic context. The yellow counties are concentrated in Oklahoma and seem to follow its state boundary.
Oklahoma (circled) experiences more than its share of bad weather (NOAA)

These prefab maps are useful, but they can’t address every situation. There will be times when you need to make custom maps, either to answer a specific question or to incorporate outside data.

In this Quick Success Data Science project, we’ll use Python, pygris, GeoPandas, Plotly Express, and part of NOAA’s extensive database to map tornado occurrences, graph their…

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